JAPAN HOUSE STRUCTURE The most important thing that must be reckoned at the time of building a house du Japan is the resistance to 4 seasons including summer and winter. Japanese traditional house made by first installing the main wooden pole in the middle. The floor is raised about 10 cm from the ground and covered with wooden beams for the floor, it aims to avoid moisture from the soil. Area kitchen and entrance hall has a floor made of wood but the room where normally used to sit like a living room, the floor is covered with a kind of webbing, called tatami. The Japanese do not usually use a chair in the room tatami reasoned, they would sit with reasonable tatami or use a thin pillow called zabuton. This is why the Japanese took off his shoes when entering homes. Framework of Japanese houses are made of wood and supported by the widening of a vertical pole, horizontal beam and frame arranged diagonally. Diagonal frame is an adaptation of foreign technology which was adapted by Japanese society.Characteristic of the Japanese house is the roof of a width and a high roof to protect the occupants from the sun in summer. In the past the walls of houses made of woven bamboo bonded with the soil mixture as an adhesive or glue it, but now many other materials to make various walls of Japanese houses. Materials often used today are plywood (plywood). In the past many houses that have pillars are hidden behind the wall. In the Meiji era (1868-1912), home made with the new method by placing pillars on the wall to reduce the hazard in the event of fire. In the Meiji era a lot of roofs covered with shingles or straw, but now usually a roof covered with roof tiles called kawara. Japanese houses today are made with a combination of traditional style and modern technology. B.H.D Source: www.jpf.go.jp/kyouzai/
Japanese traditional houses made of wood and supported by wooden poles. But today Japanese house usually has a Western-style rooms with wooden floors and often built with steel poles.Besides, more and more families in urban areas live in apartment buildings, large concrete steel. There are two major differences with the West's house, that people do not wear shoes in the house and at least one space that tend to be designed in Japanese style, berlantaikan tatami. People remove shoes upon entering the house for the floor the house clean. Genkan, the entrance, is the place to take off your shoes, put it, and wear it again. After releasing the shoes, the Japanese people wearing house slippers. Tatami is a kind of thick mats made of straw, have been used in Japanese homes since about 600 years ago. A strand typically sized tatami 1.91 x 0.95 meters. Size of room / rooms are usually based on the number of tatami. Tatami floor feels cool in summer and warm in winter, and still more fresh than the carpet during humid months in Japan. Tuesday, March 28, 2006 06:14:56 Articles Science and Technology - City Planning Division, Housing and Settlement Development of prefabricated house By Muhammad Sani Roychansyah Houses prefabricated (prefab abbreviated) is a construction house construction is fast because it uses the module fabrication industry (factory). Its components are made and partially installed by the factory (off site). When everything is ready, then transported to the location, be rearranged quickly, so stay complement utility (utility) and finish (finishing). Thus, some benefits such as faster construction time, construction of a cleaner environment, and the cost is cheaper, can be achieved. Because usually based on the module, then keleluasaaan design selection becomes limited to what is already available. But this does not reduce market interest to continue using it. Behind the facts described above, the connotations of the word prefabricated currently undergoing changes. Previous era prefabricated house contains only terminology: limited materials, and hybrid mass at a site, modular, panel, manufacturer (manufactured), with semi-fix system (pre-engineered system). But now, especially in Japan, prefab house is no different from ordinary houses: a variety of materials and even high-tech end, do not need mass pembangunanya (flexible as needed), and is permanent.This last factor (culture homeless) could not be separated from the travel history of the housing industry in Japan alone. Development of prefabricated house The definition of prefab houses in the world is very diverse. In the United States or Canada prefab better known as the manufactured house that rests on the steel structure, following a mobile home or caravan as a dynamic home that became the forerunner for almost four centuries (another designation is portable prefab house). It also can not be separated from the production process manufactured house that is 85% of which must be completed at the factory, or are still distinguished by a prefab modular house. Data 1996, 24% consumption of new homes in the United States is home to the factory output is (3% of them are modular prefab). Case in Europe (especially Baltic countries) and Japan is different again. Prefab house has only one definition. That is a house with a particular module and is built like a regular house (from one floor to house low rise). The difference is some of the many components that were completed at the factory. Some classify this definition into dwellhouse prefab and has become part of the homeless culture in these countries. After the second world war, with the number of rehabilitation projects or mass construction, prefab house a lot of choice because of speed and cheap construction. Wood is widely used as building material of choice because of the nature fleksibiltiasnya (regarding technology at the time). From this timber, this time for prefab building materials are very diverse, such as precast concrete (precast concrete), mild steel (light-gauge steel), plywood (Framed timber) and various other advanced materials. From mass production, now the community can choose prefab houses were individually by simply selecting the design in a catalog or showroom (housing plaza) and several modifications are possible. Houses will stand in the construction (construction time) no more than a month after all of the terms (including the ground of course) is available. Respond to Sustainability Issues Today, prefab image as a semi-permanent houses began to fade.Even in Japan presumption prefab house is the house while it is almost nothing. Objectivity is supported by the culture of living in Japan and is closely connected with the fundamentals of the Japanese house itself, like a habit to measure space use module (jou, ken, kiwari, and so on). The development aspects of comfort, style, function, strength, ease of maintenance, and affordability of this prefab house makes an increase in sales. . Daiwa House and Sekisui House that has long been engaged in real estate business since the early 1960s, followed by Mitsui House and Misawa Home, prefab homes have used the concept for its products since the beginning. With the accelerating period of construction and workmanship at the location, quality control in factories, then some of the problems associated with construction costs and disruption to the environment during construction could be reduced somewhat. In addition, the response to the issue berkeberlanjutan began more updated with the use of building materials environmentally friendly (eco-friendly materials), such as the use of recycled materials (recycled materials) and the building physics system convergence in diesel or hybrid power system. Despite the limitations of the design (minimalist) on the prefab house design, but in reality prefab production in Japan (including to change the model) showed an upward trend recently (from year 1991 to 2000 every year there are approximately 1.2-1.5 million building prefab This, JREI, 2000). The role of government, in this case the Japanese Government in encouraging the development of prefab homes as part of a method of increasing the number of decent homes for the community also plays a major role. Factor of high prices of land and buildings pose disincentives to people owning a house, especially for young families. Those who choose to live in the suburbs or small towns is that they have targeted as a consumer of this prefab. They prefer to live on the house itself, although small. Just like the expression of Frank Gehry, an architect of the world in responding to the development of this prefab tiny house, "The problem with the younger generation Is That no-one is Interested in making Monuments". Muhammad Sani Roychansyah, staff at the Department of Architecture and Planning FT UGM, currently as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Architecture and Building Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
